Ukushisela akukhona nje ukushisa nokugcwalisa insimbi—kumayelana nokulawula. Lapho ingxenye ishintsha ngo-0.2 mm ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-clamping, i-weld joint ilahlekelwa ukuqondana. Ukuhlanekezela kuyangena. Ukusebenza kabusha kuyalandela. Ekwenziweni kwengxube ephezulu, enevolumu ephansi—ikakhulukazi kubakaki, ama-chassis subassemblies, noma amasistimu okuxhumanisa ezolimo—lokhu akuyona ingozi engokomcabango. Sizibonele mathupha: iklayenti e-Wisconsin lilahle u-17% wenqwaba ye-engeli ye-iron yendabuko ayikwazanga ukubekezelela izimbobo eziyisithupha ezifakwayo kubakaki bakagandaganda we-aluminium. Bashintshele ku-a Ithebula lokushisela le-3D. Izinsalela zehle zaba ngu-0.8%. Isikhathi somjikelezo sehle ngo-41%.
Ukunemba kuqala lapho i-base plate ihlangana khona nephinikhodi
A iqiniso Ithebula lokushisela le-3D akusona isicaba sensimbi esinezimbobo ezibhoboziwe. Kuwuhlelo lokubamba olusekelwe ekuxhumaneni olwakhelwe nxazonke izimbazo ezintathu zokuphindaphinda: X (imigqa evundlile), Y (amakholomu avundlile), kanye no-Z (ukulungiswa kobude obuqondile). Imbobo ngayinye—ngokuvamile i-M6, M8, noma 1/4′-20—ihlala kugridi enembile (ngokuvamile engu-50 mm noma 2-inch pitch) enokubekezelela indawo ≤ ±0.05 mm. Izikhonkwane zikhiyelwa kulezo zimbobo, bese zamukela izesekeli ze-modular: ama-engeli clamp, ama-stop block, ama-rotary positioners, noma izikhombe zangokwezifiso ezenziwe ngomshini ukuze zifane nengxenye yedatha.
Le ndlela yokuqala yejometri ingena esikhundleni sokuqagela ngokusetha okulandelekayo. Ayisekho imigqa yokubhala, akusekho ukuzamazama nephutha. Ikhasimende elilodwa eJalimane linqamule isikhathi sokuklama sisuka ezinsukwini eziyi-11 siye emahoreni angu-38—hhayi ngokukhipha i-CAD, kodwa ngokusebenzisa kabusha amamodeli edijithali omtapo wabo we-pin-and-clamp ngqo ku-SolidWorks. Onjiniyela babo manje bakha ukusetha okubonakalayo ngaphambi kokufika kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Inzuzo yangempela ibonakala ngesikhathi sokuphindaphinda. Lapho umhlinzeki wezimoto we-Tier-1 edinga ukuqinisekisa okuhlukile kwabakaki abahlanu endaweni ebiyelwe yebhethri ye-EV entsha, basebenzise ithebula le-3D elilodwa elinamapuleti amathuluzi ashintshashintshayo. Zonke izakhiwo ezinhlanu zabelane ngezixhumanisi ezifanayo. Ukuchezuka kobukhulu kwenziwe imephu—hhayi ngokumelene nemidwebo yegama—kodwa ngokumelene nereferensi ye-metrology yethebula. Leyo datha ingene ngqo ku-loop yabo yokubuyekeza ye-DFM.
Kungani izitolo eziningi zithengisa ku-"semi-modular"
Abanye abakhiqizi babiza noma yiliphi ipuleti elifakwe ama-T-bolt ngokuthi “itafula lokushisela le-3D.” Akuyona. Amandla e-3D eqiniso adinga izici ezintathu okungaxoxiswana ngazo:
Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo esiqinile: Ubuncane obungu-40 mm ubukhulu, i-EN 10025 S355JR noma insimbi ye-ASTM A572 yeBanga lama-50, enomshini wokucaba ≤ 0.03 mm/m² Iphethini yembobo elinganisiwe: CNC-bored, hhayi drilled; imbobo ngayinye iqinisekiswa nge-CMM ngokumelene namaphoyinti ayisithenjwa—hhayi nje ibanga eliphakathi nendawo ukuya enkabeni, kodwa i-perpendicularity endizeni engaphezulu Ukuphindaphinda kwe-Z-eksisi: Izikhonkwane ezilungiseka ubude ezinemishini yokukhiya egcina u-±0.02 mm ukuma mpo ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-5,000—iqinisekiswa nge-ISO 9283 ngayinye Sihlole amathebula aphumelele ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kodwa ahluleka ukuhamba ngebhayisikili elishisayo: ngemva kwamahora angu-12 ku-60°C, ubude bephini bukhukhuleka ngu-0.13 mm ngenxa yamafreyimu angashintshiwe e-aluminium. Lokho ku-drift kukodwa kwenza ama-callouts e-GD&T angavumelekile e-perpendicularity kumaflange ashiselwe. Ukuqina komhlaba wangempela kubaluleke ngaphezu kwezincwajana ezicwebezelayo.
Ukuhlanganisa—hhayi ukuhlukaniswa—yilapho kuhlanganiswe khona inani
Ithebula lokushisela le-3D elizimele liletha ukunemba. Kodwa lapho iqinisa uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezigcwele—ukunyathela, ukugoba, ukushisela, ukuhlola—ivula izinzuzo zokuphuma komshini okungekho nowodwa umshini ongafana. E-Botou Haijun Metal Products Co., Ltd., sisebenzisa amatafula e-3D hhayi njengezindawo zokusebenza ezizimele, kodwa njengesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi yamaseli ethu ahlanganisiwe.
Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo: Izindlu zensimbi engagqwali edonsa ngokujulile zifika zivela kumshini wethu wokunyathelisa nge-hydraulic. Izindawo zayo zedatha ezibucayi ziqinisekiswa ku-CMM yethu—bese kubhalwa indawo yayo ngqo uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo esuka kuyo yetafula. Leyo sethi yokudidiyela igeleza ngokuzenzakalelayo iye esiteshini serobhothi se-MIG. Ama-clamps ayahlanganyela. Ukulandelana kwe-Weld kuqhuba. Ngemva kokushisela, i-CMM efanayo ihlola ukuhlanekezela ngokuqhathanisa nefayela lokusetha lokuqala—hhayi ngokumelene nomdwebo, kodwa ngokumelene nenjongo ebonakalayo ethwetshulwe kokuthi t=0.
Akukho ukulahlekelwa kokuhumusha. Akukho ukuloba ngesandla. Ijiyomethri ephindaphindwayo nje, efundekayo—kuzo zonke izitembu, ukwakheka, ukushisela, kanye ne-QC. Kungakho amakhasimende akha ama-valve odonsa amanzi amaningi ezindaweni zikawoyela zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi abika ukwehluleka kwenkundla okuyiziro ezinyangeni ezingama-36: ilunga ngalinye le-weld libamba iphrofayili yokushisa efanayo, ukulawulwa kwegebe okufanayo, ukungena kwezimpande ezifanayo—ngoba ingxenye ayikaze ishiye isikhala sayo sokudidiyela esakhiwe ngobunjiniyela.
Qala ngesixhumanisi sakho esibuthakathaka—hhayi ibhajethi yakho enkulu
Awudingi ithebula le-3m × 2m ukuze uzuze ekushiseleni kwe-3D. Qala kancane: khomba iphuzu elilodwa elibuhlungu eliphindelelayo—njengokuqondanisa kwembobo okungahambisani kubakaki abagobile, noma ikhasi le-warpage kuma-gauge amancane—bese uliqondanisa nohlelo oluncane oluyisitifiketi oluyixazululayo. Ithebula elingu-1000 × 750 mm elinegridi engu-M8 kanye nekhithi yamaphini angu-12 liphatha u-83% wokwenziwa kwezimboni ezinosayizi omaphakathi esizibona nsuku zonke.
Cela ubufakazi bomhlinzeki wakho—hhayi izimangalo. Cela imibiko ye-CMM yokunemba kwendawo yembobo. Cela idatha yokuhlola emandleni okugcina iphinikhodi ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-10,000. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-base plate yabo isebenzisa insimbi evamile—hhayi nje ikhabhoni “esindayo” kuphela. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinsimbi zazo zihlanganisa ubuso obuqinile obukhomba indawo, hhayi nje insimbi yeshidi elinesitembu.
Ngoba ukulungisa okunembayo akukhona ukuthenga ihadiwe. Imayelana nokuthwebula inhloso yobunjiniyela—futhi uyibambe, impela, kuze kuphume i-arc yokugcina. Lokho kuvumelana kuhlanganisa kuwo wonke ama-weld, yonke i-shift, njalo ngonyaka. Kuqala kanjalo-ke ngokushesha, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi okuqinile—hhayi esibani, kodwa etafuleni.
