Welding ba kawai game da zafi da kuma filler karfe - yana da game da sarrafawa. Lokacin da wani sashi ya canza 0.2 mm a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba, haɗin haɗin walda yana rasa daidaitawa. Hargitsi ya shiga ciki. Sake yin aiki ya biyo baya. A cikin babban haɗe-haɗe, ƙirƙira ƙarancin ƙaranci-musamman ga maɓalli, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin chassis, ko tsarin haɗin gwiwar aikin gona-wannan ba haɗari bane. Mun ga shi da kansa: abokin ciniki a Wisconsin ya kawar da kashi 17% na rukunin farko-gudu saboda jigon kusurwa-baƙin ƙarfe na al'ada ba zai iya ɗaukar haƙuri a cikin ramuka masu hawa shida akan madaidaicin taraktan aluminium. Sun canza zuwa a Teburin walda 3D. Ragewa ya ragu zuwa 0.8%. Lokacin zagaye ya faɗi da kashi 41%.
Daidaitawa yana farawa inda farantin tushe ya hadu da fil
A gaskiya Teburin walda 3D ba tulun karfe ba ne da ramukan da aka toka. Tsarin aiki ne na tushen haɗin kai wanda aka gina a kusa da gatura uku na maimaitawa: X (launi a kwance), Y (ginshiƙan a kwance), da Z (daidaita tsayin tsayi). Kowane rami-musamman M6, M8, ko 1/4′-20-yana zaune akan madaidaicin grid (yawanci 50 mm ko 2-inch farar) tare da juriya na matsayi ≤ ± 0.05 mm. Fil sun kulle cikin waɗancan ramukan, sannan karɓi na'urorin haɗi na yau da kullun: madaidaicin kusurwa, tubalan tsayawa, masu matsayi na jujjuya, ko masu gano wuri na al'ada waɗanda aka ƙera don dacewa da ɓangaren datum.
Wannan tsarin lissafi-farko yana maye gurbin zato tare da saitin ganowa. Babu sauran layukan rubutu, babu ƙarin gwaji-da-kuskure shimming. Wani abokin ciniki a Jamus ya yanke lokacin ƙira daga kwanaki 11 zuwa sa'o'i 38 - ba ta hanyar fitar da CAD ba, amma ta hanyar sake amfani da samfuran dijital na ɗakin karatu na fil-da-matsa kai tsaye a cikin SolidWorks. Injiniyoyin su yanzu suna gina saitin kama-da-wane kafin albarkatun ƙasa su zo.
Haƙiƙanin fa'ida yana nuna lokacin haɓakawa. Lokacin da mai siyar da motoci Tier-1 ya buƙaci tabbatar da bambance-bambancen sashi guda biyar don sabon shingen baturi na EV, sun yi amfani da tebur na 3D guda ɗaya tare da faranti na kayan aiki masu musanyawa. Dukan gine-gine guda biyar sun yi haɗin kai na tushe iri ɗaya. An tsara taswirar ma'auni-ba a kan zane-zane ba-amma a kan ma'anar tsarin awo na tebur. Wannan bayanan an ciyar da su kai tsaye cikin madauki na bita na DFM.
Me yasa yawancin shaguna ke tsayawa a “Semi-modular”
Wasu masana'antun suna kiran kowane farantin ramuka tare da T-bolts "tebur na walda 3D." Ba haka ba ne. Ƙarfin 3D na gaskiya yana buƙatar halaye guda uku waɗanda ba za a iya sasantawa ba:
M tushe giniEN 10025 S355JR ko ASTM A572 Karfe 572 mai kauri, mafi ƙarancin kauri 40mm Tsarin ramin calibrated: CNC- gundura, ba a fashe ba; kowane rami da aka tabbatar ta hanyar CMM a kan manyan wuraren tunani - ba kawai nisa daga tsakiya zuwa tsakiya ba, amma daidaitaccen jirgin sama. Z-axis repeatabilityMatsakaicin daidaitacce mai tsayi tare da hanyoyin kullewa waɗanda ke kiyaye ± 0.02 mm a tsaye a tsaye bayan zagayowar 5,000 - an tabbatar da shi ta ISO 9283 Mun gwada teburi waɗanda suka wuce dubawa na gani amma sun gaza yin hawan keke: bayan sa'o'i 12 a 60°C, tsayin fil ya karkata 0.13 mm saboda firam ɗin alumini marasa ƙarfi. Wannan ƙwanƙwasa ita kaɗai ta ɓata kiran GD&T don daidaitawa akan filayen welded. Dorewar duniya ta gaske tana da mahimmanci fiye da ƙasidu masu sheki.
Haɗin kai -ba warewa ba - shine inda mahaɗin ƙima
Teburin waldawa na 3D kadai yana ba da daidaito. Amma lokacin da ya ƙulla cikakken sarkar tsari - tambari, lankwasa, walda, dubawa - yana buɗe ribar da aka samu babu wata na'ura da zata iya daidaitawa. A Botou Haijun Metal Products Co., Ltd., muna gudanar da allunan 3D ba a matsayin keɓaɓɓen wuraren aiki ba, amma a matsayin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya na sel ɗin mu.
Ga yadda yake aiki: Gidan bakin karfe mai zurfi mai zurfi yana zuwa daga injin mu. An tabbatar da mahimman bayanan bayanan sa akan CMM-sannan ana rubuta ainihin wurin sa dangane da asalin teburin. Wannan saitin haɗin gwiwar yana gudana ta atomatik zuwa tashar MIG na mutum-mutumi. Matsala suna shiga. Weld jerin yana aiwatarwa. Bayan-weld, CMM iri ɗaya yana bincika murdiya akan fayil ɗin saitin na asali-ba akan zane ba, amma a kan manufar zahiri da aka kama a t=0.
Babu asarar fassarar. Babu rubutun hannu. Maimaituwa kawai, joometry mai iya dubawa - a duk faɗin tambari, ƙira, walda, da QC. Abin da ya sa abokan ciniki ke gina manifolds na hydraulic bawul don filayen mai na Gabas ta Tsakiya suna ba da rahoton gazawar filin a cikin watanni 36: kowane haɗin gwiwa na weld yana riƙe da bayanin yanayin thermal iri ɗaya, sarrafa rata iri ɗaya, shigar tushen iri ɗaya-saboda ɓangaren bai taɓa barin sararin daidaitawa na injiniya ba.
Fara da mafi raunin hanyar haɗin yanar gizonku-ba babban kasafin kuɗin ku ba
Ba kwa buƙatar tebur na 3m × 2m don amfana daga walda na 3D. Fara ƙarami: gano wuri guda ɗaya mai maimaita ciwo-kamar daidaitawar rami marar daidaituwa akan ɓangarorin lanƙwasa, ko yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin majalissar ma'auni na bakin ciki-da daidaita shi zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta ingantaccen tsarin da ke warware shi. Teburin 1000 × 750 mm tare da grid M8 da 12-pin kit yana ɗaukar kashi 83% na ƙirƙirar masana'antu masu girman girman da muke gani kullun.
Tambayi mai kawo kaya don hujja-ba da'awar ba. Nemi rahoton CMM don daidaiton matsayi na rami. Nemi bayanan gwaji akan ƙarfin riƙe fil bayan zagayowar 10,000. Tabbatar da idan farantin gindinsu yana amfani da ƙarfe na yau da kullun-ba kawai carbon "mai nauyi" ba. Tabbatar da ko mannen su ya haɗa da taurarewar fuska, ba kawai ƙarfen takarda ba.
Domin daidaiton daidaitawa ba game da siyan kayan aiki bane. Yana da game da ɗaukar niyyar aikin injiniya-da kuma riƙe shi, daidai, har sai baka na ƙarshe ya fita. Wannan madaidaicin mahadi a cikin kowane weld, kowane motsi, kowace shekara. Kuma wannan shine yadda sauri, ƙirƙira ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ke farawa - ba a kan fitilar ba, amma a tebur.
