Kuwotcherera nsanja kumafuna zambiri kuposa kutentha ndi zitsulo zodzaza. Ndipamene kukhulupirika kwadongosolo kumakumana ndi njira zenizeni zapadziko lonse lapansi - pomwe kuwotcherera molakwika kumatha kugwera pamtengo wokwera mtengo, kuchedwetsa kutumidwa, kapena choyipitsitsa, kulephera m'munda movutikira. Ku Botou Haijun Metal Products Co., Ltd., tapanga njira zopitilira 12,000 zowotcherera papulatifomu pazaulimi, mafelemu a zida zomangira, ndi zida zothandizira zotengera makina. Zomwe tidaphunzira sizongopeka: zimakhazikika m'malipoti athu a DFM, zipika zowotcha, ndi miyeso yosokoneza pambuyo pa kuwotcherera.
Kukonzekera kwa Pre-Weld Sikukambilana—Osati Mwakufuna
Zolephera zambiri zowotcherera papulatifomu zimayamba pomwe arc isanamenye. Timaziwona mobwerezabwereza: magulu amalumpha kutsimikizira kokwanira, kuganiza kuti kuphwatalala, kapena kunyalanyaza kusinthasintha kwa mphero pamagulu azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Pamalo athu a Botou, msonkhano uliwonse wa pulatifomu umayamba ndi macheke atatu osakambirana:
Kulekerera kwa gap ≤ 0.5 mm kupyola mu utali wa mfundo zonse—kupimidwa ndi ma feeler gauges *asanamange*, osati pambuyo Kutentha kwachitsulo m'munsi ≥ 10°C m'malo ozizira; M'munsimu, preheat mpaka 50 ° C kwa carbon steel, 100 ° C kwa 304 zosapanga dzimbiri - zotsimikiziridwa ndi infuraredi thermometers pa mfundo zitatu pa mita. Ukhondo wapamtunda umatsimikiziridwa ndi zosungunulira zosungunulira + kuyesa kwa nsalu zoyera: palibe zotsalira zowoneka, palibe mafuta a zala, palibe fumbi logaya lomwe latsekeredwa m'ming'alu Nthaŵi ina tinasiya misonkhano 17 ya m’mabulaketi chifukwa chitsulo chimodzi chokha chinafika chokhuthala mosagwirizana ndi mphero. Chosanjikiza cha oxide chimasweka mosagwirizana panthawi ya GMAW, kuchititsa micro-porosity mumizu. Tsopano, ma coil onse omwe akubwera amawunikiridwa mowoneka bwino kuti afananize mawonekedwe a oxide - ndipo timasintha mpweya woteteza (kuchokera pa 18 L/min kupita ku 22 L/min) pamene kusiyana kwa sikelo kumaposa ± 0.3 µm.
Kusankhidwa kwa Njira Kumayang'anira Kachitidwe Kapangidwe
Kusankha pakati pa FCAW, GMAW, ndi SAW sikungokhudza liwiro-ndiko kufananiza kuyika kwamafuta ku geometry, makulidwe azinthu, ndikutsitsa ntchito. Pamapulatifomu okhala ndi makulidwe a ≥6 mm makulidwe ndi zolumikizira mosalekeza za fillet, timapanga kuwotcherera arc-cored pogwiritsa ntchito waya wa E71T-1. Chifukwa chiyani? Dongosolo lake la slag limalekerera kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kuposa mawaya olimba, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwapamwamba kumadula m'lifupi ndi 22% motsutsana ndi GMAW pamlingo wofanana.
Koma pamapulatifomu ocheperako, monga ma aluminiyamu othandizira makina oyika dzuwa, timasinthira ku GMAW yokhala ndi waya wa 1.2 mm ER5356. Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi kumakhala 120 Hz; nsonga yapamwamba imatsekedwa ku 145 A. Izi zimalepheretsa kuwotcha-kudutsa pa mapepala a 2.5 mm ndikusunga kuya kwakuya ≥1.8 mm. Ena anganene kuti MIG ndi "yosavuta" ya aluminiyamu. Komabe, popanda kuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima, tayeza 37% kuchuluka kwa kupotoza ndi 4 × kuchulukira kwambiri m'mikhalidwe yachinyontho - kutsimikiziridwa kudzera pakuyesa kwa radiographic pa ma welds 120.
Clamping Strategy Imatsimikizira Kukhazikika kwa Dimensional
Ma clamps sakhala ndi magawo - amawongolera kupsinjika kotsalira. Chochitika chathu choyipa kwambiri chapapulatifomu chinachitika pazaulimi wamamita 3.2: zikwapu zisanu ndi chimodzi zokhala ndi mipata yofanana zidapanga zoletsa zapamalo, kukakamiza kupotoza kunja pakati pa nthawi. Tsopano timagwiritsa ntchito ma sequential clamping: choyamba konzani m'mphepete mwa datum, kenaka ikani zingwe zoyandama pamipata ya 300-mm motsatira ma flanges omwe si a Datum, kutulutsa chotchinga chilichonse * pambuyo * kuzizira koyandikana ndi 60 ° C. Makamera otentha amatsimikizira kuti izi zimachepetsa kupotoza kwa angular ndi 65% motsutsana ndi static clamping.
Tidayikanso mipata yochepetsera kupsinjika — 0.8 mm mulifupi, odulidwa ndi laser — m'malo osinthira kupsinjika kwambiri. Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati njira zochepetsera kupsinjika panthawi yozizirira. Mu nsanja imodzi ya zida zomangira, kuwonjezera mipata itatu ya mamilimita 12 kumachepetsa kupatuka kwa pambuyo pa kuwotcherera kuchokera ku 2.1 mm/m kufika ku 0.4 mm/m—popanda makina opangira ma weld.
Kuyang'ana Kuyenera Kupitilira Macheke Owoneka
Kuyang'anira kowoneka kumangogwira 41% yokha ya zolakwika zazikulu pama welds papulatifomu, malinga ndi data yathu yamkati ya NDT kuyambira 2022-2023. Tikufuna chitsimikiziro cha magawo atatu:
Kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni: Maselo onse owotcherera a robotic amalowetsa magetsi, apano, kuthamanga kwaulendo, komanso kuchuluka kwa mawaya pagawo lililonse la 50 mm. Kupatuka > ± 3% kumayambitsa kuyimitsa Kutsimikizika kwapambuyo-weld dimensional: Pulatifomu iliyonse imayang'aniridwa ndi CMM motsutsana ndi mtundu wa CAD-yang'anani pamabowo ovuta, okhala ndi mipando yakuphwanyika (≤0.08 mm), komanso kusasinthasintha kwa mwendo wa weld (± 0.3 mm) Kuyesa katundu wogwira ntchito: Mwachisawawa 5% ya magulu opanga amapirira 1.5 × oveteredwa katundu kwa masekondi 120. Timayezera kupatuka pa mfundo zisanu ndi zitatu - osati kuchuluka kokha, koma gradient kudutsa kapangidwe kake Chilangochi chinagwira nkhani yobwerezabwereza mu ma welds okokedwa bwino: mawonekedwe ovomerezeka obisala kusowa kwa kuphatikizika pamphambano wa radius yokokedwa ndi flange. Kuyesa kwa akupanga kunawulula 92% ya ma welds oterowo anali ndi discontinuities subsurface. Tidapanganso ma geometry olumikizana - ndikuwonjezera nkhope ya 0.5 mm ndikuchepetsa kuphatikiza mbali kuchokera ku 75 ° mpaka 65 ° - ndikuchotsa cholakwikacho.
Kuwotcherera Platform Ndi Dongosolo—Osati Gawo
Kuwotcherera nsanja kumapambana kokha pamene mapangidwe, kusankha zinthu, uinjiniya wazitsulo, kuwongolera njira, ndi kuyendera zimagwira ntchito ngati dongosolo limodzi. Ku Botou Haijun, timawona nsanja iliyonse ngati chamoyo chonyamula katundu - osati gulu la zida zowotcherera. Mayendedwe athu ogwirizana ndi ISO amaphatikiza mayankho a DFM * asanatchule mawu, kuyenerera kwa njira zowotcherera * asanatulutse zida, ndi masatifiketi azinthu zotsatirika * ndi chilichonse chotumizidwa*. Sitigulitsa welds. Timapereka kupitilira kwadongosolo kotsimikizika.
Kwa mainjiniya omwe akutchula kuwotcherera papulatifomu, yambani apa: fotokozerani njira yolemetsa kaye, kenako sankhani jiometri yolumikizana, kenaka mufananize njira ndi zitsulo—osati kumbuyo. Kusintha kumeneku kokha kumachepetsa kukonzanso ndi 38%, kutengera deta ya 2023 kuchokera kumapulojekiti 47 a kasitomala. Kuwotcherera nsanja sikukhudza kujowina zitsulo. Ndi za kutsimikizira kufalikira kwa mphamvu-kudutsa nyengo, kudutsa masinthidwe, zaka zambiri.
