
Bukuli latsatanetsatane likuwunikira zovuta za kuwotcherera nsanja, kuphimba njira zofunika, ndondomeko zotetezera, ndi kulingalira kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Timaphunzira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuwotcherera nsanja, zovuta zomwe zimafanana, ndi njira zabwino zowonetsetsa kuti ma welds apamwamba kwambiri, olimba. Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire njira zoyenera zowotcherera ndi zida kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, ndikupeza zida zofunikira kuti muwonjezere luso lanu ndi chidziwitso pagawo lapaderali. Bukuli likupatsirani ukatswiri wofunikira kuti muthane bwino kuwotcherera nsanja ntchito.
GMAW, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa MIG kuwotcherera, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuwotcherera nsanja chifukwa cha liwiro lake, mphamvu zake, komanso kusinthasintha. Ndizoyenera kulumikiza zida zokhuthala ndikupanga ma welds amphamvu, olimba. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kudyetsa ma elekitirodi a waya wonyezimira mu dziwe la weld, lotetezedwa ndi mpweya wa inert monga Argon kapena osakaniza a Argon ndi CO2. Kusankha njira yoyenera yotetezera gasi ndi liwiro la chakudya cha waya ndikofunikira kuti mupeze ma weld apamwamba kwambiri. Kutetezedwa koyenera kwa gasi ndikofunikira kuti mupewe porosity ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma weld amamveka.
GTAW, kapena TIG welding, imapereka kuwongolera kwapamwamba komanso kulondola, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira ma weld apamwamba kwambiri opanda ungwiro pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri imakonda zida zoonda komanso zomwe zimafuna ma welds ovuta. Mu kuwotcherera nsanja, GTAW itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ma welds ovuta pomwe kuyang'ana kowoneka ndikofunikira. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi osagwiritsidwa ntchito a tungsten kupanga arc, ndikuwonjezera zinthu zina zodzaza ngati pakufunika. Kuwongolera bwino kwa kutentha ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kupotoza kwa weld kapena kuwotcha.
SMAW, yomwe imadziwika kuti kuwotcherera ndodo, ndi njira yolimba komanso yosunthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuwotcherera nsanja, makamaka kumadera akutali kapena osafikirika. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amakutidwa ndi flux omwe amateteza gasi ndi slag. Njirayi ndiyosavuta kuphunzira, koma imafunikira luso kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe a weld. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa ma elekitirodi ndi njira ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mulowetse mwakuya komanso kuwaza kochepa.
Kusokonezeka kwa weld kungakhale vuto lalikulu mu kuwotcherera nsanja, makamaka ndi zomangamanga zazikulu. Kukonzekera mosamala, kutenthetsa, ndi chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld kungachepetse vutoli. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zomangira ndi kukonza kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kupotoza. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yowotcherera ndi magawo kumakhudza kwambiri kupotoza.
Ma welds apamwamba kwambiri ndi ofunikira pachitetezo komanso moyo wautali nsanja zomangamanga. Kuwunika pafupipafupi pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kuyang'anira zowona, kuyesa kwa radiographic (RT), ndi kuyesa kwa ultrasonic (UT) ndikofunikira. Kuwunikaku kumathandizira kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zingachitike msanga ndikuwonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwachipangidwe.
Kuwotcherera nsanja nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'malo owopsa. Kutsatira malamulo okhwima achitetezo, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera zodzitetezera (PPE), monga zipewa zowotcherera, magolovesi, ndi zovala zodzitchinjiriza, ndikofunikira. Mpweya wabwino ndi wofunikiranso kuti muchepetse kuopsa kokoka mpweya. Kugwira ntchito pamalo okwera kumafuna zinthu zina zachitetezo, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma harnesses ndi zida zoteteza kugwa. Ntchito zonse zowotcherera ziyenera kutsata malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo.
Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo kumakhudza kwambiri katundu wa weld ndi ntchito yonse ya nsanja. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuwotcherera nsanja amaphatikizapo magulu osiyanasiyana achitsulo, omwe nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zolemera kwambiri. Kusankha nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuganizira za kukana kwa dzimbiri, kuwotcherera, komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira. Tsatanetsatane watsatanetsatane wafotokozedwa m'mapulani a polojekiti ndipo ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
Kusankha zida zoyenera kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wa kuwotcherera nsanja ndondomeko. Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa zikuphatikiza njira yowotcherera yosankhidwa, makulidwe azinthu, ndi zofunikira zonse za polojekiti. Zida zodalirika zochokera kwa opanga odalirika, kuphatikizapo kukonza nthawi zonse, ndizofunikira kuti zigwire ntchito mosasinthasintha komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma. Kuyika ndalama pazida zapamwamba kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwawo kuwotcherera nsanja, zinthu zingapo zamtengo wapatali zilipo. Fufuzani m'mabuku odziwika bwino owotcherera, maphunziro apa intaneti, ndi zofalitsa zamakampani kuti mumve zambiri komanso machitidwe abwino. Mabungwe ambiri akatswiri amapereka certification ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsira kukulitsa luso lanu lowotcherera.
| Njira Yowotcherera | Ubwino wake | Zoipa |
|---|---|---|
| GMAW (MIG) | Liwiro lalitali, losunthika, labwino pazinthu zokhuthala | Pamafunika kutchinga mpweya, kuthekera kwa sipatter |
| GTAW (TIG) | Kulondola kwambiri, mtundu wa weld wabwino kwambiri, wabwino pazinthu zoonda | Pang'onopang'ono ndondomeko, amafuna wowotcherera waluso |
| SMAW (Ndodo) | Zonyamula, zosavuta kuphunzira (zoyambira), zamphamvu | Pang'onopang'ono, sachedwa kuwonongeka, kumafuna luso lapamwamba |
Pazinthu zazitsulo zapamwamba komanso ntchito zapadera, ganizirani kulumikizana Malingaliro a kampani Botou Haijun Metal Products Co., Ltd. Ndiwo odziwika bwino ogulitsa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kuwotcherera nsanja ntchito.
Chodzikanira: Izi ndi zongophunzitsa zokha ndipo siziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati upangiri waukadaulo wazowotcherera. Nthawi zonse funsani zachitetezo ndi malamulo oyenera musanapange ntchito iliyonse yowotcherera.
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